[24th grade] Beginner innocently tried setting redirect [Apache] [AWS]

Hello. I'm Inu, a 24-year-old apprentice infrastructure engineer with a liberal arts background.
These days I want to be able to move my head more than my eyes.

This time, I will share the results of what I learned about redirect settings as an amateur in a primitive, physical, and fetish way.

What is a redirect?

First, let's take a look at Wikipedia's explanation.

Redirect (forwarding) is a function that redirects you to another page when you link to an article. Additionally, such pages are called redirect pages.

Citation: https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83 %88#:~:text=%E3%83%AA%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%88%EF%BC%88 %E8%BB%A2%E9%80%81%EF%BC%89%E3%81%A8%E3%81%AF%E3%80%81,%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B% E6%A9%9F%E8%83%BD%E3%81%AE%E3%81%93%E3%81%A8%E3%81%A7%E3%81%99%E3%80%82 (2024/ (as of 10/07)

That's exactly what it is.

Have you ever been automatically redirected to a new page when you access your old homepage?

That is exactly a "redirect" is.

Let's try redirect settings

How do you set up redirects?

So, this time I would like to redirect from "hogehoge.info" to "www.hogehoge.info" by setting it on the server side and using AWS's ALB

Verification environment

the setting method on the server side , I used the following verification environment to set it up.

Virtualbox: Version 7.0.20

Vagrant: version 2.4.1

Click here to learn how to launch a verification environment with Vagrant ↓

Build your own verification environment with Vagrant

Vagrant box: AlmaLinux 9

Apache: version 2.4.57

Part 1: Let's configure it on the server side

If you want to configure it on the server side, try adding an alias to the virtual host's conf file + adding a description to the virtual host's ".htaccess".

① Add an alias to the virtual host's conf file

First, check the list of virtual hosts using the command below.

httpd -S

In the execution results, you can see that this server contains "www.hogehoge.info" and "nova-prod.byd-edu.info".

■Execution result VirtualHost configuration: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server www.hogehoge.info (/etc/httpd/conf.d/hogehoge.conf:1) port 80 namevhost www.hogehoge.info (/etc/httpd/conf .d/hogehoge.conf:1) port 80 namevhost nova-prod.byd-edu.info (/etc/httpd/conf.d/nova-prod.byd-edu.info.conf:1) ServerRoot: "/etc /httpd" ～abbreviation～

Now, let's look at the conf file for "www.hogehoge.info" using the less command.

less /etc/httpd/conf.d/hogehoge.conf

The default settings are the same, so we will add "ServerAlias" here.

■Execution results<VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.hogehoge.info DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/hogehoge.info/public_html" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.xml<Directory /var/www/vhosts/hogehoge.info/public_html > Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all</Directory> CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/hogehoge.info-access_log" combined ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/hogehoge.info-error_log"</VirtualHost>

Edit the conf file for "www.hogehoge.info" using the vi command.

vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/hogehoge.conf

Go to edit mode, then under ServerName, add "ServerAlias".

<VirtualHost *:80>ServerName www.hogehoge.info ServerAlias ​​hogehoge.info ←Here!! DocumentRoot "/var/www/vhosts/hogehoge.info/public_html" DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.xml<Directory /var/www/vhosts/hogehoge.info/public_html > Options FollowSymLinks AllowOverride all</Directory> CustomLog "/var/log/httpd/hogehoge.info-access_log" combined ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/hogehoge.info-error_log"</VirtualHost>

Once you have added the description, exit from edit mode with esc, and save and exit with :wq.
After confirming that "ServerAlias" has been added correctly using the cat command, move on to the next step.

② Describe in ".htaccess" of virtual host

Next, let's create ".htaccess".
First, move to the document root of "www.hogehoge.info".

cd /var/www/vhosts/hogehoge.info/public_html

Once moved, create ".htaccess" inside public_html

vi .htaccess

When you open the vi screen, a brand new editing screen will appear, so add the following information.

RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^hogehoge\.info [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://www.hogehoge.info/$1 [L,R=301]

Let's take a look at what each of them means.

Hmm, that's difficult.
This article was very easy to understand.

URL normalization (redirect with mod_rewrite)

After editing, reload the settings using the command below.

systemctl reload httpd

Finally, try actually accessing "hogehoge.info" and see if you are redirected to "www.hogehoge.info".

Don't forget to open Notepad with administrator privileges and write and save the local IP and host name at the bottom of the "C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts" file!
If you don't set it up, no page will appear even if you access "hogehoge.info"! ! The setting method is like this↓

After access...

■ Access log 192.168.33.1 - - [14/Oct/2024:08:22:03 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 301 233 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/ 537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/129.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"

We confirmed that we were actually redirected to "www.hogehoge.info" on Chrome, and we also found in the access log

Part 2: Let's use AWS's ALB

In the AWS environment, it seems that redirect settings can be configured on the load balancer side before reaching the server.

First, open the AWS console screen and move to the settings screen using the path below.

EC2 > Load balancer > Target ALB > Target port > "Add rule" in the listener rules section

Once you are able to move, fill in the necessary items in steps 1 to 5.

Step 1: Add a rule

This is the rule name and tag setting screen. There is no problem if both are blank.

Step ② Define rule conditions

From "Add Condition", select "Rule Condition Type". This item is used to configure access for the transition source.

Step ③ Define rule action

Next, we will set the transition destination.

Step ④ Set rule priority

Set the priority of redirect settings. Priority is a numerical value that specifies which setting takes priority when multiple redirect settings exist.
The numbers are prioritized from lowest to highest, with 0 being the most preferred number.

This time, we will only set one, so "1" is fine.

Points to note when setting:

Apart from the above settings, if you want to add a setting to redirect to another page from a specific path of "hogehoge.info" (for example, hogehoge.info/test.txt, etc.), make this setting higher in priority. Sho.

Since the condition "hogehoge.info/test.txt" is included in the existing condition "hogehoge.info/*" using a wildcard, redirection will not work properly if the priority order is incorrect.

Priority 1 "hogehoge.info/test.txt" → "Somewhere"
Priority 2 "hogehoge.info/*" → "www.hogehoge.info/*"

Let's make it so!

Step ⑤ Confirm and create

Check that there are no problems with the entered information, and if there are no problems, press Create.

If you check the operation and confirm that the redirection was successful, it is OK!

Again, don't forget to open Notepad with administrator privileges and write and save the local IP and host name at the bottom of the "C:\windows\system32\drivers\etc\hosts" file!
By the way, this time we need to enter the ALB's public IP, so I will also share how to do that.

① Go to the details screen of the ALB used for verification and copy the "DNS name".

② Open your WSL or Ubuntu and check the IP using the dig command.

dig hoge-test-alb-12345678.ap-northeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com

■Execution result ;; ANSWER SECTION: hoge-test-alb-12345678.ap-northeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com. 60 IN A 12.345.678.90 ←This!

③ Copy the IP that appears in the ANSWER SECTION, paste it at the bottom of the hosts file, and save it as before.

summary

The above was about beginners trying to set up redirects.

I hope this article will be of some help to beginners, (gassho)